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Managing concurrent operations safely while maintaining performance is a central challenge of database engine design. Database engines achieve this using several core primitives and concurrency contro
Database concurrency issues happen when two transactions, each perfectly correct on its own, intertwine in a way that breaks data integrity or produces non-repeatable results. Many concurrency bugs oc
While we often use "ACID Transactions" and "database transaction" interchangeably, they refer to fundamentally different layers of database systems architecture: Database Transactions are the operatio
An important decision that is made during database design is the tradeoff between reducing redundancy to preserve data integrity (Normalization) versus accepting redundancy to boost read efficiency (D
Database indexes work like the index at the back of a textbook. Instead of scanning every single page (a full table scan), the database checks the index to locate the exact page (disk block) where the
If Your Query Is Complicated, It May Be More Efficient The principle “If your query is complicated, it may be more efficient” sounds quite counterintuitive. It is expected that simpler queries run fas
Rows Returned measures the final result returned to the client. Rows Examined (or scanned) measures how much data the database execution engine had to load and inspect to return the final result. When
Today, frontend applications can be deployed and served actual users in several ways. You can use platforms such as Vercel, Netlify, GitHub Pages, or AWS Amplify. You can also go a level lower and d
This short article describes certain database terms that you would hear thrown around a lot if you work with software developers. Computers make accessing data easy and faster, so storing information on computers is a no-brainer. There are two types ...
